| 標題 Title |
澳門公廁小史 A Brief History of Public Toilets in Macao |
|---|---|
| 作者 Author |
陳淑怡，陳鵬之 CHAN Sok I, CHAN Pang Chi |
| 摘要 Abstract |
本文回顧澳門公廁百多年來經歷的演變，從立例規管市政小便池，到清理糞料的專營制度、公廁徵費、建渠接水、覓地建廁，逐步將惡臭又苛索的收費公廁轉變成清潔的免費公廁。但當中亦有曲折的政策和嘗試，例如活動式糞桶、尿水承充制度、“興建、營運、移轉”管理模式，以及糞坑和尿房分合等。延至二戰後城市發展和公共衛生資源增加，才能逐步改善服務質量，然後普及數量，形成今日現代化的公廁服務。 The article provides a comprehensive review of the evolution of public toilets in Macao over 100 years. It examines the frequently criticized services which tortuous struggles and attempts in government policies, such as regulating municipal urinals, franchising for fecal matters, imposing public toilets fees, providing drainage and water supply, finding proper lands, advancing movable cesspits, urine replenishment system, “build, operate, transfer” management model, as well as merging cesspits and urinals, etc. Following WWII, the service gradually improved due to urban development and increase in public health resources, leading to the popularization of the concept of modern toilets throughout Macao. |
| 關鍵詞 Keywords |
公共洗手間，公廁，公共衛生，糞料承充，澳門史，19至20世紀 Public toilet, Public latrine, Public health, Fecal matters, History of Macao, 19th to 20th century |
| 下載 Download |
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