| 標題 Title |
清代前中期出口英國的茶葉品種 The Varieties of Export Tea to Britain in the Early and Middle Qing Dynasty |
|---|---|
| 作者 Author |
沈曉鳴 SHEN Xiaoming |
| 摘要 Abstract |
英國是18世紀至19世紀早期歐洲最大的茶葉消費國，也是中國茶葉最重要的輸出國。從傳入伊始，英國人便同時接觸到紅茶與綠茶，但在後來的中英茶葉貿易中，紅茶的比重不斷攀升。到1840年，出口到英國的茶葉已有十多種。不同品種的茶葉，本沒有好壞之分，但為適應英國市場的需要，新舊茶葉品種經歷了更替。在漫長的商貿過程中，由於受各種商業因素影響，清代出口英國的各品種茶葉形成了等級高低之分。沿至今日，不同茶葉品種的名稱已成為了 不同等級茶葉的代名詞。
Britain was the biggest tea consumer and the biggest Chinese tea importer in Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries. At the beginning, British people could get access to both black tea and green tea. But during the process of the tea trade between China and Britain, the ratio of black tea rose. By 1840, more than 10 varieties of tea had been exported to Britain. The old varieties of tea had been replaced by new ones to meet market needs. During the long process of trade, due to the influence of all kinds of commercial factors, the varieties of tea gradually formed their hierarchy. Nowadays, the names of different kinds of tea became the synonyms for their different grades. |
| 關鍵詞 Keywords |
茶葉，英國，清代，貿易 Tea, Britain, Qing dynasty, trade |
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