1912年港澳總督互訪密議鴉片貿易探究

In 1912, the Hague Convention and the anti-opium movement in mainland China restricted the original opium trade in Hong Kong and Macao. The British and Hong Kong governments began to transform Hong Kong’s opium trade mode from Opium Farmer to Government’s Monopoly. It was necessary to restrict Macao’s opium smuggling. In late 1912, the governors of Hong Kong and Macao visited each other and held secret discussions twice on how to limit the amount of opium in Macao, which laid the foundation for the British and Portuguese governments to negotiate in London in the following year. Finally, with the condition of a long-term quota supply of Indian opium, the British side successfully persuaded the Portuguese government and Macao governments to restrict opium smuggling in Macao, and sign the Agreement between the United Kingdom and Portugal for the Regulation of the Opium Monopolies in the Colonies of Hong Kong and Macao, to ensure the opium trade in two places to continue in the anti-opium voice in China and abroad. The effectiveness of the Hague Convention on anti-opium was greatly reduced.