明清時期澳門華人宗教信仰研究述評

澳門是一個宗教歷史與文化研究的活標本，但迄今為止的研究仍然十分薄弱，除了媽祖研究成果相對豐富之外，各大宗教及“民間宗教”仍然處於起步階段，成果較為零散，主要以考證源流、梳理史實為主，同時較為注重宗教的“傳播與交流”研究範式，探討澳門與內地宗教信仰的互動關係，較少從歷史學、人類學、宗教學、社會學等多學科角度研究宗教信仰與華人社區組織、族群凝聚力、生產生活方式等的關係，從而挖掘澳門華人精神世界的深刻內涵。未來，建議從以下方面推動相關研究：首先，深入探討澳門華商熱衷組建的以華人廟宇為中心的“神緣性組織”的功能和作用；其次，將澳門華人的宗教信仰置於中國華南地區宗教場景中進行考察；再次，研究明清時期澳門從宗法社會向商業社會轉變的過程中華人各種宗教信仰間的衝突與融合問題；最後，研究明清時期華人宗教信仰問題與中國傳統文化在澳門的延續、堅守與推陳出新的關係。從既有學術積累再出發，將明清時期澳門華人宗教信仰與廟宇功能的研究推向深入，豐富和完善“澳門學”的學科內涵，是相關領域學者們的共同使命。

Macao can be regarded as a living specimen for studying religious history and culture, but relevant research carried out by the academic circles is still very weak so far. Except for the relatively rich research results of Mazu, the research of worldwide religions and Chinese folk religions in Macao are still in their infancy, manifesting in the fragmentation of the research results. These studies mainly focus on researching the origins and sorting out historical facts. In order to better explore the interactive relationship between Macao and mainland’s religious beliefs, more and more attention has been paid to the research paradigm of religious dissemination and exchange. However, research has rarely focused on the relationship between religious beliefs and Chinese community organizations, ethnic cohesion, production and lifestyle from multidisciplinary perspectives, such as history, anthropology, religious studies, sociology etc., so as to explore the profound connotation of the spiritual world of Chinese residents in Macao. In the future, it is recommended to promote related research from the following aspects: First of all, the function and role of the “Divine Organization” centered on Chinese temples that Chinese businessmen in Macao are keen to establish should be discussed in depth; Secondly, Chinese residents’ religious beliefs in Macao should be carefully investigated in the context of the religious beliefs in southern China; Thirdly, it deserves serious research and exploration on the conflict and integration of various religious beliefs among the Chinese in the process of the transition from a patriarchal society to a commercial society in Macao during the Ming and Qing Dynasties; Finally, the relationship between the issue of Chinese religious beliefs in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the continuation, persistence and innovation of traditional Chinese culture in Macao is also worthy of in-depth consideration. Starting from the existing academic accumulation, it is the common mission of scholars in related fields to deepen the study of Chinese residents’ religious beliefs and temple functions in Macao during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, thus enriching and perfecting the disciplinary content of Macaology.