標題
Title
澳門環境法的二十五年:回顧與展望
25 Years of Macao’s Environmental Law: Review and Prospects
作者
Author
歐志丹
AO Chi Tan
摘要
Abstract
2024年是澳門回歸祖國25周年的重要日子,然而澳門的環境法仍處於初步摸索建立的階段,整體環境法律體系的框架有待加強。在1991年,澳葡政府已經制定《環境綱要法》作為本地區環境政策應遵守之總綱及基本原則的環境基本法,但是各環境要素的立法和環境標準仍存在大量的空白。近年,澳門特區政府以重點污染源控制為主導的分散環境立法模式,造成環境資源保護立法的碎片化。本文首先回顧至今為止澳門環境法的歷史發展,從中評估和總結回歸後澳門環境保護立法取得的成績以及所存在的問題。為了探索澳門環境法的體系化路徑,本文將借鑑國內外環境立法模式和制度化趨勢,提出未來澳門的環境法應分階段逐步走向體系化的立法工程,以補齊法律空白以及完善立法體系,並建議特區政府做好短中長期立法規劃,解決現行環境立法衝突等不協調問題。

Twenty-five years after returning to the motherland, Macao’s environmental laws are still in the initial stages of exploration and establishment, and the framework of the overall environmental legal system needs to be strengthened. As early as 1991, the Macao government under Portuguese governing had formulated the Environmental Outline Law as a basic environmental law that stipulates those environmental policies the general outline and basic principles. There are still a lot of gaps in the legislation and environmental standards of various environmental factors. In recent years, the Macao government focuses on the control of key pollution sources resulting in the fragmentation of environmental resource protection legislation. This article first reviews the historical development of Macao’s environmental laws so far to evaluate and summarize the achievements and existing problems of Macao’s environmental protection legislation after the handover. To explore the systematic path of Macao’s environmental law, this article will draw lessons from domestic and foreign environmental legislation models and institutionalization trends. It believes that in the future, Macao’s environmental law should gradually move towards a systematic legislative project in stages to fill in the legal gaps and improve the legislative system, and it is recommended that the SAR government make short, medium and long-term legislative plans to resolve uncoordinated issues such as conflicts between existing environmental legislation.

關鍵詞
Keywords
澳門環境法,體系化路徑
Macao environmental law, Systematic path
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