清前中期香山縣丞的裁汰、再設與印信變化

During the Qing dynasty, the civil assistant of Xiangshan had a minor role and heavy responsibilities, and served as the most direct official of the Qing government in the administration of Macao. As a position, it was started in the Ming Dynasty and continued to follow the Ming system during the Qing Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, the civil assistant of Xiangshan was initially stationed at the county seat and served only as an assistant to the Magistrate of Xiangshan, not as a major official in the administration of Macao. Subsequently, the civil assistants of Xiangshan were dismissed as a result of the Qing government’s measures to strengthen the power of principal seal-holding officials and to dismiss redundant officials, as the Qing government needed to complete the war of unification. It was not until the Yongzheng reign that the civil assistant of Xiangshan was revived due to the introduction of the assistant officials system by the Qing government. It was moved out of the county to defend Macao, but at the beginning of its re-establishment, it didn’t have the name of sub-districts. It was not until the Qianlong period, with the establishment of the Macao Tongzhi, under which the county minister was subordinate, that the seal appeared in the words “sub-defence of Macao”, the evolution of the Seal of the Chancellor of Xiangshan County has gradually completed the transformation of the name to match the reality. The analysis of the changes in the seal of the civil assistant of Xiangshan not only restores the process of the above-mentioned series of changes but also reflects the enhanced status of the civil assistant of Xiangshan and reveals more details of the administrative management of the civil assistant of Xiangshan in the early and middle Qing dynasty.